The Takeaway: UN General Assembly debate Day 4

Why it matters: Small island States told the General Assembly that climate change is no longer a distant threat. It is damaging economies, threatening water and food security, and placing communities at risk.

The big picture: Leaders argued that the international financial system does not reflect the risks facing small island developing States.

What was said: For island and coastal States, the ocean is central to identity, security and economic survival.

Reality check: Speakers contrasted limited development and climate finance with rising global military expenditure.

Beyond the islands: Water scarcity and transboundary water governance also emerged as major security issues.

The security concern: Island States warned that geopolitical competition and disruption of major waterways can quickly raise the cost of food, fuel and transportation.

The unfinished legacy: Pacific leaders said communities continue to experience displacement, illness, contamination and loss decades after nuclear testing ended.